Aeneid

**Useful Proper Names from the Aeneid**
Introductory Comment
It is helpful in reading the Aeneid to know that Vergil uses multiple names to refer to the same characters, groups, and places. Although there may be certain anthropological or geographical distinctions between one name and another, for our purposes they are identical.
Our Hero Aeneas
nate dea	son of the goddess, goddess-born
Anchisiades	son of Anchises
ipse	used by itself to refer to the most important figure, i.e., Aeneas
Queen Dido
Elissa	simply another name for Dido
Phoenissa	literally "the Phoenician woman"
Boo! The Greeks--all these may be translated "Greek"
Achivus	Achaean
Argolicus	Argive
Danaus	Danaan
Doricus	Doric
Grajus	Greek
Pelasgus	Pelasgian
Yay! The Trojans--all these may be translated "Trojan"
Dardanius	Dardanian
Iliacus	Ilian
Phrygius	Phrygian
Phryx	Phrygian
Teucrus	Teucrian
Troius	Trojan
Trojanus	Trojan
Tros	Trojan
O Doomed Troy--all these may be translated "Troy"
Ilion	Ilium
Ilium	Ilium
Pergama	Pergamon or Pergamum
Troja	Troy
Carthaginians
Poenus	Phoenician
Punicus	Punic or Phoenician
Sidonius	Sidonian
Tyrius	Tyrian
Italy
Ausonia	Ausonia
Hesperia	Hesperia or Westland
Italia	Italy

USEFUL LINKS (back to top)

Forgot the assignment? Click on the globe in the yellow box.

NEED A COMPLETE TEXT OF THE AENEID?

Vergil at the Latin Library

Vergil at the Bibliotheca Augustana (with text illustrations)

Vergil's text hyperlinked at the Perseus Project

DICTIONARIES AND COMMENTARIES

Lewis's Elementary Dictionary

Lewis and Short (the largest online)

Textual Assistance for Specific Passages

Grammatical and Other Assistance at U Penn

Conington's Commentary from Perseus

Invaluable: NoDictionaries (choose the level of help)

Many other authors available (great for sight reading)

ONLINE TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH

1. Aeneid: Dryden's English with hyperlinks from Perseus

2. Plain Dryden at MIT (#1 in GoogleTM for years)

3. Aeneid: Williams's English with hyperlinks from Perseus

4. Latin/English framed text (Williams translation)

3. Aeneid: from A. S. Kline (modern! scroll down to find it)

4. Iliad: in the Samuel Butler translation at MIT

5. Odyssey: in the Butler translation at MIT

SUMMARIES OF THE AENEID (NO SUBSTITUTE FOR LATIN!)

Online Summary from Bulfinch

1. Adventures of Aeneas

2. Aeneas in the Underworld

3. Aeneas in Italy, Part One

4. Aeneas in Italy, Part Two

Online Summary from the University of Cincinnati

Complete CliffsNotesTM for the Aeneid

Complete SparkNotesTM for the Aeneid

Barron's BooknotesTM for the Aeneid at PinkMonkey

Materials from Professor Harris

1. Introductory Commentary (what makes Vergil special)

2. Notes for Book Four ("tight and terse," "old school")

3. Esthetic Commentary on Book Four (ignore the typos)

MATERIALS IN GERMAN

1. Translation by J. H. Voss at Projekt Gutenberg

opening page includes content summary for each book

2. German translation, Latin original, other materials

GENERAL RESOURCES ONLINE (QUASI METASITES)

All the best sites have been gathered for you at virgilius.org

The Vergil Homepage (no updates since 1999)

Seton Hall's Cotter resources for the Aeneid (last update in 2005)

Numerous Vergil Links (U of North Carolina-Chapel Hill)

AP Resources at the Maret School (Ms. McGlennon)

AP Resources for Monahan High School (Ms. Sameth)

AP Resources for Danville and Milton AP Latin (Ms. Gilmore)

AP Resources for the Episcopal Academy (Mr. Kent)

AP Resources of Dr. Bishop

AP Vocabulary Resources for Paul VI Catholic High School

AP Vocabulary Resources and NLE practices (Mrs. Kehoe)

Mr. J's Vergil Page

AP Links of Mr. White

Mr. Odhner's Vergil Page

AP Resources for Dana Hall (Ms. Bloomberg)

Homepage of virgil.org

HEAR THE AENEID!

(You may need to download free Real Player for some pages.)

1. Aeneid 1.1-11 (read by Wendell Clausen, Harvard)

2. Aeneid 1.1-49 (at SORGLL, read by Robert P. Sonkowsky)

3. Aeneid 1.195-207 (read by Wendell Clausen)

4. Aeneid 1.588-610 (read by Wendell Clausen)

5. Aeneid 4.9-29 (read by Vojin Nedeljkovic)

6. Aeneid 4.331-61 (read by Wendell Clausen)

7. Aeneid 4 in its entirety (read by Wilfried Stroh, U Munich)

(Note that Iliad 1 in Greek is also found at this site.)

8. Aeneid 6.12-41 (read by Wendell Clausen)

9. Aeneid 6.15-204 (read by Wendell Clausen)

10. Aeneid 6.450-74 (read by Wendell Clausen)

11. Aeneid 12.926b-52 (read by Richard F.Thomas, Harvard)

VOCABULARY (back to top)

1. Try Mr. A's Complete Flashcards for Pharr's Vocabulary.

(These are the words that occur 24 or more times in bks. 1-6.

For genders, c. = common, i.e., could be either masc. or fem.)

A. Words beginning with A

B. Words beginning with B-D

C. Words beginning with E-G

D. Words beginning with H-L

E. Words beginning with M-N

F. Words beginning with O-R

G. Words beginning with S

H. Words beginning with T-V

2. Practice the 49 Most Common Verbs in Aeneid 1-6 (24+ times).

A. Flashcards

B. Principal Parts (You may use either J or I.)

3. Try Mr. A's Complete Flashcards for All Vocabulary that

Occurs 12-23 Times in Aeneid 1-6.

(Pharr, pp. 97-100 of grammatical appendix).

A. Words beginning with A

B. Words beginning with B-C

C. Words beginning with D-F

D. Words beginning with G-J

E. Words beginning with L-N

F. Words beginning with O-Q

G. Words beginning with R-S

H. Words beginning with T-V

4. Practice Verbs that Occur 12-23 Times in Aeneid 1-6. (You

may use either J or I.)

A. Flashcards for verbs beginning with A

B. Practice pincipal parts of verbs beginning with A

C. Flashcards for verbs beginning with C

D. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with C

E. Flashcards for verbs beginning with D-H

F. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with D-H

G. Flashcards for verbs beginning with I-L

H. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with I-L

I. Flashcards for verbs beginning with M-O

J. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with M-O

K. Flashcards for verbs beginning with P-R

L. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with P-R

M. Flashcards for verbs beginning with S

N. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with S

O. Flashcards for verbs beginning with T-V

P. Practice principal parts of verbs beginning with T-V

5. Learn the forms of the irregular 1st declension noun Aeneas.

6. Check out the People and Places of Many Names below.

7. Learn the Names of the Winds in the Aeneid below.

8. General Translation Tips for Vergil.

9. Practice vocabulary occurring more than 50 times courtesy

of Ms. Sameth.

A. Part One

10. Practice and quiz yourself on easily confused words.

A. Practice (courtesy of Ms. Sameth)

B. Self-Quiz (from Ms. Sameth)

C. List of tricky little words at the Latin Library

11. Mr. DeYoung's complete AP Vergil vocabulary list (Word)

SCANSION (back to top)

(You may need the free Acrobat Reader.)

1. Mr. A's Revised Introduction to Scansion as a .pdf file.

2. Check your recognition of various meters: matching 1.

3. Check your scansion of Aeneid 1.1-7 with this .pdf file.

4. Practice scansion identification in Aeneid 4.1-12.

5. Practice scansion in Mr. A's scansion cloze1.

6. Take a scansion test over Aeneid 1.1-11.

7. The world's only "You Make It" scansion test.

FIGURES OF SPEECH (back to top)

1. Great source for the terminology in English (U of Kentucky)

2. Good list with examples by Betsy Prueter

3. Four exercises in one courtesy of Ms. Sameth

4. Mr. A's figures of speech flashcards: 50 items from drawn

from the entire Aeneid.

5. Mr. A's figures of speech in English: definitions and

English examples.

ACTIVITIES PER BOOK (back to top)

Activities per book generally follow this format:

1. identification of quotes and speakers

2. identification of figures of speech

3. grammatical activities (especially participles)

4. commentary

5. practice quizzes

6. sight reading practices

1. BOOK 1 (back to top)

A. Identify the subject of each quote.

B. Identify additional subjects of these quotes.

C. Identify the speaker of each quote.

D. Identify the speakers of these quotes (Ms. McGlennon)

E. Identify the figures of speech.

F. Identify more figures of speech.

G. Identify the return of the figures of speech.

H. Identify even more figures of speech.

I. Identify the son of the figures of speech.

J. Identify these figures of speech: it can't be!

K. Identify these figures of speech: dî immortâlês!

L. Identify the last figures of speech.

M. Tricked you! Identify more figures of speech.

N. But wait! There are more figures of speech!

O. Examine the less common grammar of the book.

P. Practice participles from Bk. 1.

Q. Put the chronology of 1.81-156 in order (Ms. Sameth).

R. Take a practice quiz over 1.81-156 (Ms. Sameth).

S. Take a Bk. 1 content quiz (Professor Wilson).

TIPS FOR SIGHT READING

1. Don't worry about every word the first few times.

2. Go for main ideas: subject, verb, object, etc.

3. Let the words "wash over" till you know what's next.

4. No macrons on purpose: decide what goes with what.

5. Follow any connections to related parts of the poem.

T. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.1-11 (the proem).

U. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.64-76 (Juno's appeal).

V. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.148-56 (Neptune simile).

W. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.180-93 (Aeneas hunts).

X. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.254-66 (Jove prophesies).

Y. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.267-79a (Jove speaks on).

Z. Sight reading practice: Aen. 1.494-506 (Dido as Diana).

2. BOOK 2 (back to top)

A. Terminology/quotation identification for Bk. 2 (Ms. Sameth)

B. Identify the subject of each quote.

C. Identify more subjects of quotes.

D. Identify even more subjects of quotes.

E. Identify the subjects of these quotes.

F. Identify the speaker of each quote.

G. Identify the figures of speech.

H. Identify more figures of speech.

I. Identify still more figures of speech.

J. Identify the additional figures of speech.

K. Try to identify these figures of speech.

L. It's still not over: more figures of speech.

M. Identify these figures of speech: can it be?

N. Is this the end? More figures of speech.

O. Test yourself with figures of speech not on the syllabus.

P. Test more figures of speech not on the syllabus.

Q. Practice participles from Bk. 2.

R. Take a Bk. 2 content quiz (Professor Wilson).

TIPS FOR SIGHT READING

1. Don't worry about every word the first few times.

2. Go for main ideas: subject, verb, object, etc.

3. Let the words "wash over" till you know what's next.

4. No macrons on purpose: decide what goes with what.

5. Follow any connections to related parts of the poem.

S. Sight reading practice: Aen. 2.199-212a (serpents arrive).

T. Sight reading practice: Aen. 2.212b-24 (Laocoon's death).

U. Sight reading practice: Aen. 2.469-82 (Pyrrhus as snake).

3. BOOK 3 (back to top)

A. Person, place, events identification for Bk. 3 (Sameth)

4. BOOK 4 (back to top)

A. Identify the speaker of each quote.

B. Identify the figures of speech.

C. Identify more figures of speech.

D. Identify these additional figures of speech.

E. Identify still more figures of speech.

F. Identify even more figures of speech.

G. How long can it continue? More figures of speech.

H. Revenge of the figures of speech.

I. Practice participles from Bk. 4.

J. Commentary from 19th century school editions

K. Esthetic Commentary (J and K from Middlebury)

L. Take a Bk. 4 content quiz (Professor Wilson).

TIPS FOR SIGHT READING

1. Don't worry about every word the first few times.

2. Go for main ideas: subject, verb, object, etc.

3. Let the words "wash over" till you know what's next.

4. No macrons on purpose: decide what goes with what.

5. Follow any connections to related parts of the poem.

M. Sight reading practice: Aen. 4.65-73 (wounded doe).

N. Sight reading practice: Aen. 4.141-50 (Aeneas as Apollo).

O. NEW: Sight reading practice: Aen. 4.693-705 (Dido dies).

5. BOOK 5 (back to top)

A. Identify the figures of speech.

B. Identify more figures of speech.

C. Identify even more figures of speech.

D. Identify more figures of speech still.

E. Identify additional figures of speech.

6. BOOK 6 (back to top)

A. Identify the subject of each quote.

B. Identify more subjects of quote.

C. Identify the addressee of each quote.

D. Identify the figures of speech.

E. Identify more figures of speech.

F. Identify additional figures of speech.

G. Identify other figures of speech.

H. Practice participles from Bk. 6.

I. Take a Bk. 6 content quiz (Professor Wilson)

TIPS FOR SIGHT READING

1. Don't worry about every word the first few times.

2. Go for main ideas: subject, verb, object, etc.

3. Let the words "wash over" till you know what's next.

4. No macrons on purpose: decide what goes with what.

5. Follow any connections to related parts of the poem.

J. Sight reading practice: Aen. 6.124-36 (the descent to hell).

K. Sight reading practice: Aen. 6.136b-48 (Golden Bough).

L. Sight reading practice: Aen. 6.847-52 (Rome's destiny).

7. BOOK 8 (back to top)

A. Take a Bk. 8 content quiz (Professor Wilson).

8. BOOKS 10-12 (back to top)

A. Identify the speaker of each quote from Bks. 10 and 12.

B. Identify more speakers from Bks. 10 and 12.

C. Identify further speakers from Bks. 10 and 12.

D. Identify the addressee of each quote from Bks. 10 and 12.

E. Identify the figures of speech from Bks. 10 and 12.

F. Identify more figures of speech from Bks. 10 and 12.

G. Identify the figures of speech from Bk. 10.

H. Identify more figures of speech from Bk. 10

I. Identify the figures of speech from Bk. 12.

J. Book 10 mindmap

K. Practice participles from Bk. 10.

L. Practice participles from Bk. 12.

TIPS FOR SIGHT READING

1. Don't worry about every word the first few times.

2. Go for main ideas: subject, verb, object, etc.

3. Let the words "wash over" till you know what's next.

4. No macrons on purpose: decide what goes with what.

5. Follow any connections to related parts of the poem.

L. Sight reading: Aen. 10.464-73 (the doom of Pallas).

M. Sight reading: Aen. 10.500-09 (fates of Pallas & Turnus).

N. Sight reading: Aen. 12.793-806a (Jupiter forbids Juno).

O. Sight reading: Aen. 12.820-33 (Juno makes a request).

P. Sight reading: Aen. 12.938b-52 (the end of the Aeneid).

APPROXIMATELY AP-STYLE TEST ITEMS (back to top)

ITEMS FROM PH SCHOOL

1. Answer questions about Caesar's De bello Gallico.

2. Answer questions about Antony and Octavian.

3. Answer questions about Suetonius on Augustus.

4. Answer questions about Petronius's werewolf story.

5. Answer questions on Pliny's dedicatory letter.

6. Answer questions on a wondrous story told by Pliny.

ONSITE MULTIPLE CHOICE PASSAGES FROM THE AENEID

1. Answer questions on Juno and Carthage in Aeneid 1.

2. Answer questions about the Aeneid's background.

3. Answer questions about Juno's request of Aeolus.

4. Answer questions about the winds' attack.

5. Answer questions about the eye of the storm.

6. Answer questions about Jupiter and Venus.

7. Answer questions about Venus's lament to Jupiter.

8. Answer questions about Antenor and Aeneas.

9. Answer questions about Jupiter's prophetic speech.

10. Answer questions about Dido's background.

11. Answer questions about Laocoon's speech.

12. Answer questions about Aeneas's vision.

13. Answer questions about the start of Aeneid 3.

14. Answer questions about Rumor in Aeneid 4.

15. Answer questions about Jupiter's admonition.

16. Answer questions about Dido's dilemma.

17. Answer questions about the adventures of Daedalus.

ONSITE LATIN PASSAGES FROM OTHER SOURCES

1. Answer questions about Deucalion and Pyrrha, part 1.

2. Answer questions about Deucalion and Pyrrha, part 2.

3. Answer questions about Baucis and Philemon.

4. Answer questions about Thetis, Achilles, and Jupiter.

5. Answer questions about a heroic pep talk.

6. Answer questions about the life of Charlemagne.

7. Answer questions about a nobleman and his sons.

8. Answer questions about a medieval epic duel.

9. More questions about a medieval epic duel.

10. Questions about the aftermath of a medieval epic duel.

11. Answer questions about a Danish war of religions.

OTHER PRACTICE ITEMS

1. Multiple choice items over the entire epic (from SparkNotes)

2. Content questions over the entire Aeneid (from Montclair)

3. Content questions over the entire Aeneid (by Jeffrey Allen)

4. General review items (by Ruth Sameth)

5. Ten good questions (beware of pop ups!)

6. Ten rotating true-false questions (by Laura Gibbs)

7. Old released free-response questions (from College Board)

8. More information on the AP Vergil Exam (from College Board)

INTERTEXTUALITY AND SELF-REFERENTIALITY

IN THE AENEID

(in development; latest links, 3-28-05) (back to top)

1. Explore the depths to a simile for Aeneas: start at 4.143-50.

AENEID RESEARCH PAPER (back to top)

You may need to download the free Acrobat Acrobat Reader.

1. Here are the project details in .pdf format.

2. Here is the scoring guide, also in .pdf format.

3. My paper "Fatis Contraria Fata Rependens" as a webpage

(non arrogantiae gratia: I take classes, too. Please pardon a

couple of typos that keep slipping by me.)

AENEID CHAT (will open in a new window)

Aequilō	north wind
Auster	south wind
Notus	south wind
Eurus	east wind
Zephyrus	west wind
Āfricus	southwest wind

1.	ferō = dīcō	[Karthāgō] quam Jūnō fertur terrīs magis omnibus . . . coluisse (1.15-16)
2.	The base verb assumes the meanings of all its derivative verbs.	[Jūnō] audierat . . . sīc volvere Parcās (for ēvolvere, 1.20-22)
3.	Vergil frequently omits prepositions.	Trojae quī prīmus ab ōrīs Ītaliam . . . vēnit (for ad Ītaliam, 1.1-2)
4.	Vergil commonly omits the verb sum.	hīc illius arma (fuērunt, 1.16)
5.	Watch out for syncopated (clipped) forms.	dīvum pater (for dīvōrum, 1.65)
6.	Beware of omitted words.	Aeolus haec contrā (dīxit, 1.76)

As a 1st declension masculine name of Greek origin, Aeneas takes a combination of Greek and Latin endings as it appears in the Aeneid. The student's best option is simply to memorize the following chart.
nominative	Aenēās
genitive	Aenēae
dative	Aenēae
accusative	Aenēam--Latin
accusative	Aenēān--Greek
ablative	Aenēā
vocative	Aenēā

These grammatical features are not necessarily stylistic devices, but may be less common than those topics typically covered in basic Latin.
sīc nam fore ... facilem vīctū per saecula gentem	supine as abl. of respect
"for thus this people would be easy in living through the ages"
lacrimīs oculōs suffūsa nitentīs	accusative of respect
"filled with tears with respect to her bright eyes," i.e., "her bright eyes filled with tears"
et Libyae vertuntur ad ōrās	middle voice (looks passive but = reflexive)
"[the ships] turn [themselves] toward the shores"
"Ollī subrīdēns ... sator"	antiquated form
"Smiling down at her (for 'illī'), the father"
"Volat ille per āera magnum rēmigiō ālārum ac Libyae citus astitit ōrīs."	"hysteron proteron" of tenses
"He flies through the great air with a rowing of wings and swiftly stood on the shores of Libya." Sometimes it is difficult to grasp what purpose--if any--Vergil has in his selection of tenses. Here, however, it appears that he wishes to indicate that a god moves faster than time. In grammatical terms, Mercury arrives in Libya before he even has flown there.