Indicators of Perfect Tense

Examples with Latin Verbs

1.  perfect tense adds long mark

veniō→vēnī

2.  reduplication of initial sound

currō→cucurrī

3.  addition of “s” or s-sound

mittō→mīsī, dūcō→dūxī

4.  addition of –v– to stem

amō, amāre→amāvī

5.  addition of –u– to stem 

teneō, tenēre→tenuī

6.  shortening of stem

relinquō→reliquī

7.  short vowel to different long vowel

faciō→fēcī

8.  anybody’s guess

sum→fuī